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"INTECH GmbH"
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Distributor / authorized representative that deals with supply & delivery of gas purification equipment to industrial enterprises of Russia

Engineering company ‘Intech GmbH’ LLC (ООО «Интех ГмбХ»), Russia, has been successfully working with a number of Russian industrial enterprises at the local market for more than 20 years. Since the company’s founding, it has acquired immense engineering experience, market reputation, and has realized more than a hundred large-scale projects at the industrial plants in Russia. Our company is continuously in search of new business partners, who consider Russian market investment-attractive and want to boost their sales in the region, as well as expand their field of activities and enter a new international level. 

We are interested in cooperation with the manufacturers of gas purification equipment, who are looking for an official and reliable distributor to deal with supply & delivery of their equipment to the industrial plants in Russia.

The company’s top management and sales team are well acquainted with the Russian market, its mentality and laws; they also understand industrial specifics of the financial and economic activities of the Russian customers. All our sales managers have a large customer database, extensive experience of successful sales and well-established connections with the potential buyers of your gas purification equipment. This allows our managers to promptly set out the most promising directions for promotion and to ensure a rapid entry of the products into the promising Russian market. Our employees, who are fluent in English and German, are focused on working at the international market with the supplies of foreign equipment.

Our team of experienced engineers, who can handle the most serious technical problems, constantly keeps in touch with the Russian customers, holds meetings and delivers presentations regarding the latest achievements of our manufacturing partners. They point out the engineering challenges and actively communicate with all the departments at Russian plants. That is why the specifics of doing a business in the Russian Federation are well-known to us, and we also know the equipment of the local industrial plants and their up-to-date modernization needs.

Once we become your authorized representative in Russia, our marketing staff will carry out a market research in order to check the demand for gas purification equipment, will submit a market overview for gas purification equipment that you offer and evaluate the needs for this type of equipment at local plants. Our specialists will also estimate the potential and capacity of this market at local industrial plants. Our IT-team will start developing a website for your products in Russian. Our experts will assess the conformity between your gas purification equipment and customer needs as well as analyze the common reaction to the new goods in general. We will look into the categories of potential customers, and pick out the largest and the most promising plants.

Upon becoming your authorized agent on the territory of Russia, ‘Intech GmbH’ LLC (ООО «Интех ГмбХ»), will obtain certificates, if required, for a batch of the goods, for various types of gas purification equipment in compliance with Russian standards. We can also arrange the inspection in order to obtain TR TS 010 and TR TS 012 Certificates. These certificates provides permission to operate your equipment at all industrial plants of the EAEU countries (Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan), including the hazardous industrial facilities. Our company is eager to assist in issuing Technical Passports for gas purification equipment as per Russian and other EAEU countries’ requirements.

Our engineering company ‘Intech GmbH’ LLC (ООО «Интех ГмбХ»), collaborates with several Russian design institutes in various industrial segments, which allows us to conduct preliminary design as well as subsequent design works according to the standards, construction rules and regulations that are applicable in Russia and other CIS countries. It also enables us to include your gas purification equipment into the future projects.

The Company has its own logistics department that can provide packing service, handling as well as the most efficient and cost effective mode of transportation of the goods (incl. over dimensional and overweight goods). The goods can be delivered on DAP or DDP-customer’s warehouse basis in full compliance with all the relevant regulations and requirements that are applicable on the Russian market.

Our company has its own certified specialists who will carry out installation supervision and commissioning of the delivered equipment, as well as further guarantee and post-guarantee maintenance of gas purification equipment. They will also provide necessary training and guidance for the customer’s personnel.

Gas purification equipment. A brief overwiew

The purpose of the industrial gas purification from solids is:

  • removal of impurities;
  • capture of particles;
  • cleansing of atmospheric air.

Atmospheric air pollution is minimized by means of:

  • optimization of production process in terms of ecology;
  • airtight transportation of gas;
  • industrial use of ash, slurry, cinder and other wastes.

There are five main methods of gas purification. Each purification method involves the use of a certain type of facilities.

Classification of gas purification methods

Purification method Equipment used
Gravitational settling - Dust precipitation chambers
Inertial precipitation - Inertial dust collectors
- Cyclone separators
- Mechanical rotary dry dust collectors
Electrostatic precipitation - Electrostatic precipitators
Filtration - Bag filters
- Ceramic filters
- Viscous fluid filters
Water scrubbing - Scrubbers
- Mechanical rotary wet dust collectors
- Venturi scrubbers
- Bubbler-type dust collectors

Classification of devices by purification method

Dry gas purification devices: Wet gas purification devices:
Dust precipitation chambers
Centrifugal dust collectors
Electrostatic precipitators:
horizontal / vertical / pipe / rod
Bag filters
Cartridge filters
Ceramic high-temperature filters;
Air-intake chambers
Scrubbers;
Disintegrators;
Venturi scrubbers;
Wet dust collectors;
Bubbler-type dust collectors;

For system separation several different method are used:

  • precipitation;
  • filtration;
  • water scrubbing.

Precipitation

Precipitation is a separation process where the suspended particles separate from the continuous phase (liquid or gas) through the action of a certain force:

  • gravity of the particles (settling);
  • centrifugal force (separation in cyclone separators and centrifuges);
  • inertial force;
  • electrostatic force (separation of gas mixtures in electrostatic field).

Filtration

Filtration is a separation process using the porous partition, which permits the external phase to pass while retaining the suspended particles. The process occurs by pressure difference on both sides of the partition. When pressure difference is due to centrifugal force, the separation process is called centrifugal filtration.

Filters with semi-rigid partitions are used for purification of little dusty gases. Such filters consist of a set of circular elements stacked on top of one another in cylindrical housing. Each of these elements consists of two screens or disks. Between these disks there is a layer of filter material, such as metal chip, slag wool or glass wool. Sometimes the filter material layer for better collection of dispersed dust. The filter elements are arranged perpendicular to the gas flow.

In case of fine gas purification from aerosols the filter partitions are made of ultrafine polymeric fibers such as perchlorovinyl or polyarylate. These partitions are of high chemical, mechanical and thermal stability.

Filters with rigid partitions include cartridge-type filters, which are similar to cartridge filters for separating of suspensions. In such filters, the gas is filtered through porous partitions of liners secured tightly to the tube sheet. Such liners are cleaned periodically by reverse blowing with compressed air. This filter is able to retain particles with the size from 0.2 microns.

In filters with granular layer, the gas purification from solids is carried out with the help of fine particles layer, such as sand, slag, gravel or coke. In intermittently operating devices the filter layer rests against the screen and is fixed. In continuous devices, the granular material which purifies gas from suspended solids moves continuously between the partitions with the filter material. The gas successively passes through a number of granular layers moving vertically. While going out from each section, contaminated granular material is washed and goes back to the filter section. Granular filters are used now very rarely.

Water scrubbing

Water scrubbing is a process of gas mixtures separation where the suspended particles are wetted by the liquid and are separated from the gas. Purification is mainly due to the action of inertial forces.

Selection of an appropriate separation method depends on the following parameters:

  • concentration of dispersed particles;
  • particles size;
  • requirements for separation quality;
  • ratio of dispersed and external phases density;
  • viscosity of external phase.

Settling

Under production-line conditions the settling is used for suspensions separation when it is necessary to:

  • thicken the composition;
  • classify the suspension by size of solid phase particles;
  • use primary purification of gas from dust;
  • separate the emulsion.

As the moving force of settling (gravity) is small enough, only large particles are efficiently separated from external phase. However, the settling process is the easiest and cheap method for separation of heterogeneous liquid systems. Therefore, it is reasonable to use this process at primary treatment of suspensions. This method allows preparing a composition for treatment by processes that are more complex and reduce costs of the whole cleaning process cycle.

Calculation of gas purification degree in any type of dust collectors

Degree of gas purification from impurities in any type of dust collectors is calculated as follows:

η = [(V1·x1 - V2·x2)/((V1·x1)]·100 = [1 / (V2/V1)·(x2/x1)]·100%

where V1 – volume of gas at the inlet of purifying device (m³),
V2 – volume of gas at the outlet from purifying device (m³),
х1 – mist or dust concentration in contaminated gas (g/m³),
х2 – mist or dust concentration in purified gas (g/m³).

The result of this calculation is correct under normal production conditions.

Separation of heterogeneous systems is of great importance both in industry and in other fields of activity. Often there is a need to purify any composition or separate the valuable components from it. This may be the preparation of raw for further treatment, purification of final products, wastewater and exhaust gas treatment and recovery of useful components from the product.

Separation of gas mixture and removal of extraneous gases

Industrial gases are gas mixtures or contain a small percentage of gaseous impurities. Such gases require pretreatment with decomposition into the individual components. Gas mixtures can be separated by various methods:

  • condensation;
  • absorption;
  • adsorption;
  • catalytic transformation;
  • burning.

Condensation

Gas mixtures are liquefied by cooling to a temperature below the condensation temperature. Condensation of pure gases is carried by cooling to condensation temperature. During condensing of pure gases, the pressure and temperature remain constant. Steam pressure curve shows the relationship between condensation temperature and steam pressure. Saturation curve shows the relationship between the amount of soluble components in the carrier gas and temperature.

If condensation temperature of gas component to be separated is significantly lower than in the carrier gas, partial separation of gas mixture is possible due to condensation. Gas mixtures, which components have similar condensation temperature, cannot be separated in the condensation process. Such partial condensation is called reflux and is often used in distillation devices.

Dry gas mixture is cooled in the condensation process, whereby the content of dissolved component corresponds to point No.3 on the saturation curve. The amount of condensate is ∆m.

Condensation process takes place in special heat exchangers (condensers). Inside these devices, there are tubes with cooling agent. Certain gas components condense on these tubes and flow in the direction of inclination. Carrier gas goes out of the condenser substantially purified.

Absorption is a process of gas absorption by liquid as a result of physical dissolution or reversing chemical process. If the fluid absorbs not all components of gas mixture, the absorption is partial. If mixture of air and CO2 is dissolved in water, absorption of gas by CO2 is selective. Gas, unlike air, is partially soluble in water until its absorbing capacity is over. Absorption capacity depends on pressure and temperature levels. At low temperature and high pressure the gas is absorbed extensively. If the pressure is low and the temperature is high, the gas takes the form of bubbles.

Dissolved gas with liquid absorbent forms a mixed phase. In the process of absorption the liquid absorbent is heated due to release of absorption heat. In order not to hinder the normal process, the liquid is subjected to reverse cooling.

Under production-line conditions, the selective absorption is used when it is necessary to:

  • separate the certain gases from gas mixtures;
  • purify the mixture from toxic components;
  • create the mixed phase from absorbing liquid and dissolved gas.

Exsorption

Exsorption (recovery, reactivation) is a reverse process of absorption. As a result of this process the previously dissolved gas is recovered and the absorption liquid is reactivated. The gas is extracted by means of:

  • evaporation;
  • degassing;
  • adding of superheated water steam into the absorption liquid (distillation method).

The device used for separation of gas mixture by selective absorption method consists of the absorber and reactivator. This plant produces gas, residual gas mixture and the reactivated absorbent. The reactivated absorbent is reusable.

The following parts can be used as adsorbents:

  • packed columns;
  • trayed fractionation columns;
  • scrubber columns;
  • Venturi scrubbers.

Action of continuously operating unit in that the gas to be purified and the absorption liquid come in counter-flow. The gas enters the absorption column from the bottom while the absorption liquid comes from the top. The optimum conditions are created inside the absorption unit (low temperature and high pressure). The pure insoluble gas component goes out of the column upper part. The gas saturated sorbent is collected at the bottom, respectively, and fed to the top of the recovery column. When flowing down, the gas is heated and loses pressure reducing the absorptive capacity of the liquid. Most of the dissolved gas when flowing down goes out through the packing in the form of bubbles. Then the dissolved gas escapes from the reactivator to the top of the column as pure soluble gas component. The absorption liquid is collected in the bottom of the reactivator and is supplied to the absorber. After cooling the liquid is fed into the absorber top.

Gas purification by means of adsorption

Adsorption is a process of accumulation of gas molecules at the surface of solid materials, which can be characterized as surface-active. The phenomenon of selective adsorption is that the gas mixture in contact with an appropriate solid material retains on its surface molecules of one gas component.

This method is used to remove the poisonous small particles from the gas (hazardous, foul smelling or dangerous). Due to the high cost of the absorbent reactivation, the selective adsorption is used only in some cases:

  • for drying of air and other gases;
  • for separation of organic gas mixtures;
  • for removal of foul-smelling and dangerous substances from exhaust air.

Temperature and pressure levels determine the amount of adsorbed substance (maximum absorption of the substance occurs at a low temperature and high pressure). In adverse conditions the process can be reversed, i.e. escape of adsorbed substance will occur (desorption).

Adsorbing devices

The adsorption process can be divided into two stages, which can be carried out simultaneously or alternately:

  • adsorption of separated component;
  • reactivation of adsorbent.

Fixed bed adsorber is a reservoir, which is filled with an adsorbent. The reservoir is equipped with inlet and outlet tubes, condenser and generator of superheated steam.

In the adsorption process, the gas to be purified is fed under high pressure. The adsorbent absorbs separable gas component. Residual gas flows through the adsorber static layer resulting in a purified gas. At some point the absorption capacity of the adsorbent is exhausted (phenomenon of "breakthrough" takes place). Upon such a moment the adsorbent reactivation process starts. The steam generator is actuated and the valve for discharge of live steam is opened. The steam begins to move upward and heats the adsorbent, whereby it releases the adsorbed gas and reactivates. Mixture of superheated steam and gas goes out of the condenser where the steam condenses. The remaining gas component comes out of the adsorber to undergo further treatment.

Adsorption plants consisting of two adsorbers operate alternately. The advantage of a two-chamber plant is its ability to provide a continuous operating cycle.

Catalytic gas purification

Catalytic gas purification of is that by using chemical reactions and catalysts the toxic and hazardous compounds are converted into harmless compounds. Catalysts are intermediate reagents that promote chemical reactions. After completion of chemical process catalysts appear again unchanged. One example of catalytic gas purification is the conversion of hazardous carbon monoxide CO to neutral carbon dioxide CO2 by chemical reaction with chromium oxide.

Catalytic reactors

Gas purification by catalytic method is usually performed in catalytic reactors wherein the catalyst is represented by a fixed bed of granular powdered material.

The gas containing harmful components passes through the catalyst bed. After passing through such "filter" hazardous substances convert to harmless substances. Depending on the substance type the reactor temperature ranges from 200 to 400 °C.

During the catalytic reaction the heat is released. To adjust the heat mode the device is equipped with a system of heating and cooling pipes. In order to remove impurities the adsorber can be connected to the catalytic reactor.

There are following types of catalytic reactors:

  • fixed-bed reactors;
  • reactor with fluidized bed;
  • tubular contact furnace.

Purification of waste air and recycling of exhaust gases

The universal method of gas purification from combustible organic components is combustion.

During combustion the air containing hazardous components is placed in the furnace and heated so much that the organic substances are burned. During the combustion the following substances escape:

  • carbon dioxide СО2 and water Н2О (significantly);
  • sulfur dioxide SO2, nitrogen oxide NO, hydrogen chloride HCl (insignificantly, separated sequentially in the plant for flue gases purification).

The temperature in the furnace is created by the combustion of combustible material. The contaminated preheated gas is supplied in counter-flow into the furnace body cavity. Thereafter the gas enters the combustion chamber where the hazardous substances contained therein burn. The temperature in the combustion chamber may range from 650 to 800 °C. The combustion gases are passed through the exhaust air preheater and then removed from the furnace.

Direct combustion method in flare burners is used for the disposal of combustible gases and steam from the non-uniform flows of the exhaust gas. This method is used for hydrocarbons removal from the refinery gases. During such combustion water H2O and carbon dioxide CO2 escape. Minimal soot formation in the combustion process is provided due to the contact of water steam with the flame.

Water scrubbing equipment

Water scrubbing devices can be different. Wet dust collectors where the gas flow impinges on the liquid top layer and is sprayed in the form of thin jets, strands and droplets are impact inertial devices.

Scrubbers

Widely used in chemical production Venturi scrubbers serve mainly for purification of industrial gases from fine dust.

The Venturi scrubbers gain the most efficient use in the modern production of mineral fertilizers. For example, they represent a part of the basic equipment of a complete process line for the production of such a complex highly concentrated nitrogen-phosphorus mineral fertilizer as granulated ammophos. Capacity of such line is 750-800 thousand tons per year.

In such devices the gas is purified from ammonia (is captured by acid ammophos slurry) and fluoride compounds.

For integrated gas purification from its components and dust a special hollow high-velocity scrubber with battery-operated centrifugal droplet separator was created (see Figure). Such device is an irrigable hollow column, at the top of which the battery droplet separator with cone swirlers is located. This element captures the wash liquid droplets removed from the purification device by purified gas flow. The scrubber is irrigated by three atomizing rows with spray patterns. Orientation of patterns is as follows: the top row – downward, the middle and bottom rows - upward. To avoid formation of hard deposits on the elements surface the device is equipped with water wash manifold, which operates periodically when the gas purification plant stops.

Hollow jet scrubbers are mainly used for cooling, moistening and purification (preliminary) of gases with temperature of more than 200 degrees Celsius. For transportation and purification of exhaust process gases from liquid and solid particles with the size of more than 2 or 3 microns the ejector scrubbers are used. Such devices do not have a forced-draft device and rotating parts, so they are often used in plants with toxic, explosive and corrosive environments. Its gas output is 120-140 thousand cubic meters per hour.

Disadvantages of scrubbers-dust collectors:

  • The purification process is much more expensive than dry purification. This is because the dust particles settle in the form of slurry. Consequently, there is need for further treatment of wastewater.
  • High fluid loss.
  • Rapid dust pollution of equipment.
  • High probability of corrosion occurrence.

Absorbers

Absorbers are perfect for cleaning the air from vapors of liquids and substances such as methanol, caprolactam and dimethylformamide.

Absorber is a device representing the welded cylindrical vertical housing where three sieve trays with ball packing are concentrically arranged. Under each of these trays there are another film trays, which are also fluid distributors for irrigation (occurs from the bottom) of movable packing located on the sieve trays. The liquid in the film trays is distributed by means of nozzles having a horizontal annular gap.

The operating principle of the absorber is as follows: the purified air entering the lower part of the device passes all the trays (sieve and film) and moves the ball packing and then passes to the atmosphere through the top nozzle. Absorber provides fine dispersion (atomizing) of scrubbing liquid and simultaneously the concentrated solutions of trapped products are formed in its cube, which are regenerated and then returned to production.

Rotoclones (old-fashioned)

Such devices as rotoclones can effectively capture dust particles with the size of more than 2 mm and even 3 mm, which content in gas is more than 90%. In such devices the gas contacts with the liquid due to its impact on the surface. The liquid and gas mixture passes then through the shaped passage called an impeller where the dust particles are deposited by centrifugal force on the liquid droplets. The main advantage of any rotoclone is a rather low consumption of liquid. Gas output of this device is from 2.5 to 90 thousand cubic meters per hour.

Equipment for dry gas purification

The equipment for dry gas purification includeы such devices as cyclone separators, multi-cyclone separators as well as exhauster-dust collectors.

Cyclone separators

These devices are widely used in various fields of the domestic industry.

Cyclone separators can be used for a first step of purification before the fabric and wet filters and as completely independent dust removal devices. They are able to catch the medium dispersed and coarse dust particles with average size of more than 10 microns. Collecting efficiency of the cyclone separator is directly dependent on its type and ranges from 80 to 98%, temperature – up to 400 degrees Celsius and the flow resistance - from 0.8 to 2 kilopascals (kPa).

For purification of very large gas volumes the uniflow cyclone separators are generally used. Such devices as compared to other dust collectors have a lot of advantages: they are quite simple in production, have very low flow resistance, are very reliable in operation and require only minimal maintenance costs. To increase the efficiency of separation the dusty gas flow is deflected as close as possible to the device wall.

To increase the separation efficiency the intermediate dusts extractors can be also installed in the device.

To enhance the process of separation of adhesive dust by increasing the centrifugal force the uniflow cyclone separator is equipped with an ejector (see Figure), which is embedded inside the fairing.

The ejector has one low-pressure chamber and one high pressure chamber. The first is connected with radial pipes to the dust chamber, the second chamber is connected through the annular gap to the separation chamber. The annular gap is equipped with guide vanes that define a tangential direction of the gas. Before the exhaust pipe there are cone rings decreasing somewhat in size in the direction of gas movement.

The operating principle of the cyclone separator is as follows: the dusty gas swirls in the swirler; the separated dust is transported by the gas to the chamber walls. Then, the dust particles move downward from the chamber walls and enter the settling zone through the gaps between the cone rings of different diameters included in the settling zone. Some amount of gas with dust particles also enters the same gaps due to discharge created by the ejector in the upper part moving the dust particles into the settling zone. Gas velocity in the annular gap and in the gaps between the cone rings is regulated by certain quantity of gas, which is fed to the ejector through the pipe.

Multi-cyclone separators

The main task of multi-cyclone separators is dry gas purification from dust particles with the size from 5 to 10 microns. Such cyclone separators are composed of many parallel operating elements with small diameter, which are mounted in the common housing. The diameter of the most common cyclone separator elements is generally 150 and 250 millimeters.

Bag filters

Bag filters are among the most efficient devices for purification of gas industrial emissions.

Modern bag filters are equipped with bags of high-strength and heat-resistant fabrics.

Bag filters consist of housing, where the fabric bags are located. The upper ends of the bags are equipped with covers and suspended from the common frame. The lower ends of the bags are open and fixed on the nozzles of the common tube sheet. The contaminated gas passes through the bag fabric outward from inside. The dust particles settle in the fabric pores and the pure gas goes out through the exhaust pipe.

Electrostatic precipitators. Gas purification in electrical field

High degree of purification of gas with very fine particles can be achieved by electrodeposition. During this method the electric field is created in a special device where the gas molecules are ionized by an electric discharge resulting in the precipitation of solid phase.

If the gas contains free charges (electrons and ions) it can be passed between two electrodes, which create a constant electric field. In this field the free charges move along the field lines. Their speed and kinetic energy depends on the electric field.

When the potential difference is around a few tens of kV the ions and electrons will have sufficient kinetic energy and speed to split them into ions and free electrons when colliding with gas molecules. In their turn, the newly formed charges will also collide with neutral molecules and ionize them. Thus, gas ionization will occur until there are no more neutral gas molecules. This phenomenon is called impact ionization.

If the field strength will increase, this can lead to electrical breakdown and short circuit of the electrodes. Therefore, in the purifying devices one electrode is a wire and the second is a plate located near the wire or tube covering this wire. This creates a non-uniform electric field.

At the same time the field strength of the wire is maximum and it decreases towards the tube or plate. At this point the strength is no longer enough for electrical breakdown.

Between the electrodes creating the field strength for the complete gas ionization there is a corona discharge evidenced by the appearance of a luminous "crown" on the wire. Due to this effect the wire is called the corona electrode. The other electrode having the form of plate or tube is called the precipitation electrode.

The corona electrodes installed in the devices are connected to the negative pole of the electric current supply source. Precipitation electrodes are connected to the positive pole. In such circumstances, it is possible to create high field strength without risk of breakdown.

The corona electrode attracts the positively charged ions and neutralizes them. The precipitation electrode attracts negative ions and free electrons and neutralizes them. At the same time the ions directing to the precipitation electrode collide with the dust and liquid particles contained in gas mixture, impart their negative charge and carry them. Thus, the dust particles are deposited on the plate or pipe. A small portion of the solid phase collides with the positive ions, is charged and directs to the corona electrode and then deposits on its surface.

When gases are purified in the electrostatic precipitator, the process efficiency depends mainly on the conductivity of the dust particles and their adhesiveness. At high conductivity and low adhesion the particles falling on the electrode give it their charge and take the electrode charge, and then get into the dusty gas stream again. This reduces the purification degree.

If the particles have low conductivity and high adhesion, they create a sufficiently high layer of negative ions on the electrode, which counteracts the electric field. Increasing of thickness of this layer leads to increasing of strength in its pores to the critical value, whereby the corona discharge of gas occurs near the precipitation electrode forming a so-called "back corona". In this case, it also reduces the efficiency of the gas purification. To prevent the occurrence of gas corona, it is necessary to clean promptly the electrodes from settled dust.

High concentrations of dust particles can reduce current intensity down to zero. This phenomenon is called "corona blocking." Its occurs due to the fact that under these conditions the current is carried only by charged dust particles, which move more slowly than ions. Therefore, the high-dust gases shall be preliminary purified in other ways to reduce the concentration of solid phase or the speed of gas entering the electrostatic precipitator shall be reduced in order to reduce the load on it.

Under normal operation conditions of electrostatic precipitator the gas purification efficiency depends on many factors. The following factors are among them: gas properties (its chemical composition, temperature, humidity); dust properties (its composition, electrical properties, dispersability); dust concentration; gas velocity; configuration of the electrostatic precipitator, etc.

It is not possible to consider all the factors in the calculation. Therefore, the gas purification efficiency is determined experimentally.

Pipe and plate-type electrostatic precipitators

Depending on the electrodes shape there are pipe and plate-type electrostatic precipitators. In addition, depending on the particles to be removed the devices can be wet and dry. In wet electrostatic precipitators the wet dust is removed from the gas and the suspended liquid droplets in the gas are settled.

Configuration of pipe electrostatic precipitator is shown in Figure A. The device includes the precipitation electrodes, which are the pipes 0.15-0.3 m in diameter and 3-4 m in length. The corona electrodes made in the form of wires 1.5-2 mm in diameter are located along the pipes axis and are suspended from the frame. In its turn, the frame rests on the insulators.

At the bottom of the electrostatic precipitator housing there is a nozzle, through which the raw gas comes and flows inside the pipes. The dust particles deposit on the pipes walls and the purified gas is removed from the housing through the upper nozzle.

To remove the settled dust the dry electrostatic precipitators are equipped with special device that periodically raps the electrodes. To remove dust in wet electrostatic precipitators the internal surface of the electrodes is flushed by water periodically or continuously.

The plate-type electrostatic precipitator has a similar construction. The essential difference from pipe electrostatic precipitators is only that the precipitation electrodes represent rectangular plates or screens stretched on the frames.

The plate-type electrostatic precipitators have more compact design; it is easier to remove the deposited solids from their electrodes. The advantage of pipe electrostatic precipitators is that their electrodes create higher strength of electric field increasing the efficiency and improving the separation of dust and mist.

Electrostatic precipitators are often made as plate ones. Such precipitators consist of a number of parallel plates. These plates serve as precipitation electrodes. Between these plates there are wire corona electrodes. Gas to be purified goes through the gaps between the plates and passes by the corona electrodes. The particles charge and remain of the device plates.

Such devices are used for removal of dust particles with the size range from 0.001 to 10 microns.

Typically, the electrostatic precipitators consume not much energy (0.2-0.3 kW ∙ h per 1000 cubic meters of gas) in spite of the fact that they need high DC voltage (40-75 kV). Hydraulic resistance of electrostatic precipitators in comparison with many other devices is relatively small and is 150-200 Pa. Gas purification degree reaches 95-99%.

The electrostatic precipitators also have high cost and complexity in operation. Similar plants are used for purification of gases containing particles with low electrical resistance.

Gas systems. Physical properties (theory)

  • dust is a heterogeneous mixture of particulate matter in the air with diameter of 5-500 microns;
  • smoke is a system consisting of particles with diameter of 0.1-5 microns, formed as a result of chemical reactions including burning;
  • mist is a mixture of liquid droplets with the size of 0.3-4 microns, formed as a result of vapor condensation or liquid spray in gaseous medium;
  • aerosol is a system, which includes gaseous dispersion medium and dispersed phase; the latter is a solid or liquid particles with the size of 0.1-1.0 microns.

The separation process of inhomogeneous system is influenced by the properties of all incoming components and their interaction with each other. In two-phase systems the main component is the solid phase. Therefore, the choice of separation method of such system and equipment required depends on the properties of the solid particles included therein.

Filters

Upon becoming the official distributer of fabric filters, our company ‘Intech GmbH’ LLC (ООО «Интех ГмбХ»), carries out the following: finds the buyers of your products on the market, conducts technical and commercial negotiations with the customers regarding the supplies of your equipment, concludes contracts. Should a bidding take place, we will collect and prepare all the documents required for the participation, conclude all the necessary contracts for the supply of your equipment, as well as register the goods (fabric filters) and conduct customs clearance procedures. We will also register a certificate of transaction (Passport of Deal) required for all foreign trade contracts in the foreign currency control department of the authorized Russian bank so that currency transaction could be effected. If required, our company will implement an equipment spacing project in order to integrate your equipment into the existing or newly built production plant.

We are convinced that our company ‘Intech GmbH’ LLC (ООО «Интех ГмбХ»), will become your reliable, qualified and efficient partner & distributor in Russia.

We are always open for cooperation, so let’s move forward together!